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From: [email protected] (Gwillim Law) Newsgroups: sci.lang, rec.radio.amateur.misc, rec.radio.info Subject: Phonetic alphabets (Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta) (1997/5/1) Date: Fri, 23 May 1997 13:52:41 -0500 Message-ID: <[email protected]> X-Server-Date: 23 May 1997 17:42:50 GMT Summary: phonetic/spelling alphabets for various languages Keywords: phonetic alphabets  Archive-name: radio/phonetic-alph/full Posting-Frequency: six weeks Last-modified: 1997/03/21 URL: http://www.mindspring.com/~gwil/phon.menu.html Copyright: (c) 1997 Gwillim Law Maintainer: Gwillim Law              Phonetic Alphabets (Alpha Bravo etc)                         May 1997  There is a widely known alphabet Alpha Bravo ... Yankee Zulu. Such alphabets are variously known as phonetic/radio/ spelling/telephone alphabets, and the term analogy alphabet is also used. This collection currently includes alphabets for the following languages:       English, French, German, Dutch, Flemish, Spanish,      Portuguese, Italian, Romansh, Danish, Norwegian,      Swedish, Finnish, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Hungarian,      Croatian, Serbo-Croat, Romanian, Turkish, Hebrew,      Russian, Swahili, Kwanyama, Ndonga, Afrikaans,      Chinese and Esperanto.  This posting supersedes the one of 21 March 1997. There are two new alphabets:  one Greek and one Turkish.  I have agreed to take over maintenance of this collection from Brian Kelk.  Any comments or suggested changes may be sent to me at <[email protected]>.  Thanks are due to Mr. Kelk and to the many contributors, not all of whom are acknowledged below.  In my capacity as the editor of this collection I have no objection to the further electronic distribution of this posting in full in circumstances where it is likely to be of interest, and where a document of this length is acceptable; in the case of Web pages I ask that care be taken, as it is easy to mangle something.  There is a brief version of this collection.  I don't intend to post it to the newsgroups unless I get requests for it. Both the full and brief versions may be found on the World Wide Web at:    The full version is at a number of other sites, including:    You could also try:     Editorial comments are in square brackets [].                                 Gwillim Law   [email protected]                                1 May 1997   ***** ENGLISH *****  The NATO phonetic alphabet:  Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India Juliet Kilo Lima Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform Victor Whiskey Xray Yankee Zulu  [This alphabet dates from about 1955 and is approved by the  International Civil Aviation Organization, the FAA and the  International Telecommunication Union; note that different  bodies prefer different spellings, so one also  sees: Alfa Juliett Juliette Oskar Viktor]  [The alphabet above is from the Cambridge Encyclopedia of  Language. An alphabet with Alfa X-ray can be found in The  U.S. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military Terms.  Alfa Juliett X-ray, which is the ICAO version, appears in  A Concise Dictionary Of Slang And Unconventional English  and also a Langenscheidt dictionary]  [UK police use Indigo(???) instead of India.  German army handbook 90/91: Alfa Foxtrott Juliett.  Italian version: Alfa Charly FoxTrot Giuliet Romio Wiskey.  An Indonesian phrase book: Beta Ultra Volvo Whisky X-ray.  A precursor of the present alphabet (1952?) had: Alfa Coca  Metro Nectar Siera Union Whisky Extra]   Phonetics for digits (from an amateur radio FAQ):    zero one two tree fower fife six seven eight niner  From the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language:    zero wun too tree fower fife six seven ait niner   'Telecom B':  [Note similarity to Apples Butter Charlie]  Alfred Benjamin Charles David Edward Frederick George Harry Isaac Jack King London Mary Nellie Oliver Peter Queen Robert Samuel Tommy Uncle Victor William Xray Yellow Zebra  [Found also in Swedish, Dutch, Hungarian telephone  directories. An 'analogy alphabet' in a Kenyan directory  has Charlie and no Y. A Swiss directory: Andrew Charlie  Lussy Queenie Sugar. French/German vocabulary books: Andrew  Charlie Lucy Mike Nelly Sugar Xmas. English phrase books  for Spanish/Italian speakers: Charlie. A 'British English'  alphabet in a Langenscheidt dictionary: Andrew Charlie Lucy  Queenie Sugar Xmas]  [Used as an English alphabet by telephone operators in  Israel]   'British A':  Amsterdam Baltimore Casablanca Denmark Edison Florida Gallipoli Havana Italia Jerusalem Kilogramme Liverpool Madagascar New_York Oslo Paris Quebec Roma Santiago Tripoli Uppsala Valencia Washington Xantippe Yokohama Zurich  [An 'international' alphabet in a Dutch telephone directory  has: Danemark. A 'French' alphabet in a Hungarian directory  has: Cassablanka Danemark Que'bec Upsala Zu"rich.  An 'international' alphabet in a business book for French  has: Italy Kilogram Zu"rich; the corresponding book for  German has: Italy Kilogram Xanthippe Zu"rich.  An 'international' alphabet in a Langenscheidt dictionary:  Danemark Madagaskar Que'bec Upsala Xanthippe Zu"rich]  [West Berlin telephone directory 1965: Danemark Je'rusalem  Madagaskar Que'bec Upsala Xanthippe Zu"rich.  Santa Fe (Argentina) 1955: Dinamarca Habana Jerusale'n  Kilogramo Nueva_York N~andubay Upsala Wa'shington Xantipo  Yokoama.  Azores 1966: Danemark Ita'lia Jerusale'm New-York Que'bec  Upsala Yokoham]  [Used as a French alphabet by telephone operators in Israel]   Bombay telephone directory 1962 (also a later source):  Army Brother Cinema Doctor English Father Gold Hotel India Jam King Lady Mother Navy Orange Paper Queen Raja Sister Table Uncle Victory Water X-ray Yellow Zero   Kenyan and Tanzanian telephone directories 1966:  Africa Bombay Charlie Durban England Freddie George Harry India Japan Kenya London Mombasa Nairobi Orange Peter Queen Robert Sugar Tanga Uganda Victory William X-Ray Yellow Zanzibar   Johannesburg telephone directory 1965:  [Note similarity to Alfred Benjamin]  Arthur Betty Charlie David Edward Frederick George Harry Isaac Jane Kate Lucy Mary Nellie Olive Peter Queen Robert Simon Thomas Union Violet William X-Ray York Zero   Malayan telephone directory 1964:  Australia Bombay China Denmark England Fiji Ghana Hongkong India Japan Kedah London Malacca Norway Osaka Penang Queensland Russia Singapore Turkey Uganda Victoria Wales X'Ray Yokohama Zanzibar   Used by police in New York City:  [Note similarity to ARRL and Western Union]  Adam Boy Charlie David Edward Frank George Henry Ida John King Lincoln Mary Nora Ocean Peter Queen Robert Sam Tom Union Victor William X-ray Young Zebra  [Variants: Eddie Larry Nancy Thomas Yankee Yellow]   Used by police in Nassau County, Long Island, New York:  Adam Boston Chicago Denver Edward Frank George Henry Ida John King Lincoln Mary Nancy Ocean Peter Queen Robert Sam Thomas Union Victor William X-ray Young Zebra   Used by police in San Diego, California:  Adam Boy Charles David Edward Frank George Henry Ida John King Lincoln Mary Nora Ocean Paul Queen Robert Sam Tom Unit Victor William Xray Yellow Zebra   Used by police in Hutchinson, Kansas:  Adam Boy Charles David Edward Frank George Henry Ida John King Lincoln Mary Nora Ocean Paul Q.. Robert Sam Tom Union Victor William X-ray Yankee Zebra   Alternative phonetics sometimes used unofficially in amateur radio:  America Boston Canada Denmark England France Germany Honolulu Japan Kilowatt London Mexico Norway Ontario/Ocean Pacific Radio Santiago/Spain Tokyo United Victoria Washington Yokohama Zanzibar  [Also: Amsterdam, Baltimore, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Finland,  Geneva, Greece, Guatemala, Hawaii, Italy, Kentucky, King,  Luxembourg, Montreal, Nicaragua, Portugal, Romania, Russia,  Sweden, Texas, Uruguay, Venezuela]   The ARRL (American Radio Relay League) alphabet (1948):  [Note similarity to Western Union and Able Baker]  Adam Baker Charlie David Edward Frank George Henry Ida John king Lewis Mary Nancy Otto Peter queen Robert Susan Thomas union Victor William x-ray young zebra  [Nowadays the ARRL endorses the NATO/ICAO/ITU alphabet]   Pre-1954 U.S. Navy Radio Alphabet:  (Communications Handbook, 1945)  [Note similarity to Able Buy Cast]  Able Baker Charlie Dog Easy Fox George How Item Jig King Love Mike Nan Oboe Peter Queen Roger Sugar Tare Uncle Victor William X-ray Yoke Zebra  [formerly used by IBM engineers for hex digits and pin  positions]  "Used by Armed services of USA & GB" (ARRL Handbook, 1945)  Able Baker ... Easy ... Tare ...  Allied Services 1945:  Able Baker ... Edward ... Tape ...  From a book entitled "The Complete Morse Instructor..." (1944):  Able Baker ... Easy ... Tare ...  RAF 1943-56:  Able-Afirm ... Item/Interrogatory ... Jig/Johnny ... Nab/Negat ... Peter/Prep ...  [In similar alphabets: affirm, cast, hypo, inter, negat,  option, over, prep]   RAF 1942-43:  Apple Beer Charlie Dog Edward Freddy George Harry In Jug/Johnny King Love Mother Nuts Orange Peter Queen Roger/Robert Suga Tommy Uncle Vic William X-ray Yoke/Yorker Zebra  [cf. aircraft in Dambusters raid: A-Apple B-Baker C-Charlie  E-Easy F-Freddie G-George H-Harry J-Johnny K-King L-Leather  (officially L-London) M-Mother N-Nuts O-Orange P-Popsie  S-Sugar T-Tommy W-Willie Y-York Z-Zebra]   Western Union:  Adams Boston Chicago Denver Easy Frank George Henry Ida John King Lincoln Mary New_York Ocean Peter Queen Roger Sugar Thomas Union Victor William X-ray Young Zero   British Army 1927:  Ack Beer Charlie Don Edward Freddy George Harry Ink Johnnie King London Monkey Nuts Orange Pip Queen Robert Sugar Toc Uncle Vic William X-ray Yorker Zebra   RAF 1924-42:  Ac Beer Charlie Don Edward Freddie George Harry Ink Johnnie King London Monkey Nuts Orange Pip Queen Robert Sugar Toc Uncle Vic William X-ray Yorker Zebra   Royal Navy 1917:  Apples Butter Charlie Duff Edward Freddy George Harry Ink Johnnie King London Monkey Nuts Orange Pudding Queenie Robert Sugar Tommy Uncle Vinegar Willie Xerxes Yellow Zebra   U.S. Army 1916:  Able Buy Cast Dock Easy Fox George Have Item Jig King Love Mike Nap Opal Pup Quack Rush Sail Tape Unit Vice Watch X-ray Yoke Zed   British forces 1904:  Ack Beer C D E F G H I J K L Emma N O Pip Q R Esses Toc U Vic W X Y Z  [The OED has a reference for Beer and Emma dated 1891]   ***** FRENCH *****  [style: A comme Anatole]  Contributor: Erik Tjong Kim Sang <[email protected]>  anatole bernard c'ecile denise 'emile fran5cois g'erard henri isidore jean kl'eber louis marcel nicole oscar pierre quital robert suzanne th'er`ese ursule victor wagon xavier yvonne zo'e   Contributor: Rudolf Lais <[email protected]>  (Swiss telephone directory 1993)  Anna Berthe Ce'cile Daniel Emile Franc,ois Gustave Henri Ida Jeanne Kilo Louise Marie Nicolas Olga Paul Quittance Robert Suzanne The're`se Ulysse Victor William Xavier Yvonne Zurich  [also Geneva directory 1966]   (OUP vocabulary book)  Anatole Berthe Ce'sar De'sire' Euge`ne E'mile Franc,ois Gaston Henri Irma Joseph Kle'ber Louis Marcel Nicolas Oscar Pierre Que'bec Robert Suzanne The're`se Ursule Victor William Xavier Yvonne Zoe'   (Berlitz phrase book)  Anatole Berthe Ce'lestin De'sire' Euge`ne Franc,ois Gaston Henri Irma Joseph Kle'ber Louis Marcel Nicolas Oscar Pierre Quintal Raoul Suzanne The're`se Ursule Victor William Xavier Yvonne Zoe'   Similar alphabets:  Collins vocabulary book:   Bertha business book:             E'mile Cassel business book:      Zoe" BBC business book:         Emile (for e-acute) Nicholas telephone French book:     Rene' Collins phrase books:      Victor/Viktor Pitman business book:      E'mile (for e-acute) (also Loire-Atlantique telephone directory 1966)   ***** GERMAN *****  [style: A wie Anton] [some alphabets have phonetics for umlauts, ch, sch, ss]  Contributor: Hermann Schumacher <[email protected]>  (official alphabet for emergency services,  from "KatS-Dv 810 - Sprechfunkdienst", 1977)  Anton Berta C"asar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Samuel Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zacharias  "Arger  Charlotte  "Okonom  Schule  "Ubermut  [also Langenscheidt Standard German Dictionary 1993  and West Berlin telephone directory 1965]   Contributor: [email protected] (Michael Rosa)  Anton Berta Caesar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Karl Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zeppelin  A"rger  O"dipus  U"bel  More recent replacements:  Konrad Zacharias   Contributor: Erik Tjong Kim Sang <[email protected]>  anton bertha c"asar dora emil friederich gustav heinrich ida julius kaufmann ludwig martha nordpol otto paula quelle richard samuel theodor ulrich viktor wilhelm xanthippe ypsilon zacharias  "arger  charlotte  "okonom  schule  "ubermut   Contributor: Rudolf Lais <[email protected]>  (Swiss telephone directory 1993)  Anna Bertha Ca"sar Daniel Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Jakob Kaiser Leopold Marie Niklaus Otto Peter Quelle Rosa Sophie Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xaver Yverdon Zu"rich  [also Geneva directory 1966]   Contributor: Christof A Neumann <[email protected]>  (issued by Deutsche Bundespost)  Anton Bertha Caesar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Jakob Konrad Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xantippe Ypsilon Zeppelin  Schule   Contributor: Steve Dunham <[email protected]>  Anton Berta Caesar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Johann Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula quer Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xaver Ypsilon Zeppelin  Eszett   (OUP vocabulary book)  Anton Berta Ca"sar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Konrad Ludwig Martin Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanten Ypsilon Zeppelin  A"rger  O"konom  U"bel   (Collins vocabulary book)  Anton Berta Ca"sar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Jerusalem Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Samuel Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zacharias   (Cassel business book)  Anton Berta Caesar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zacharias  A"rger  O"konom  Schule  U"bel   (BBC business book)   "standard phone alphabet"  Anton Berta Ca"sar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried/Samuel Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zeppelin/Zacharias  A"rger  Charlotte  O"konom  Schule  U"bermut   (BBC business book)  Anton Berta Ca"sar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zeppelin  A"rger  O"konom  scharfes_s  Schule  U"bermut   (Berlitz phrase book)  Anton Berta Caesar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Samuel Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zacharias  A"rger  Charlotte  O"konom  Schule  U"bel   (Austrian telephone directory)  Anton Berta Ca"sar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Konrad Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xaver Ypsilon Zu"rich  A"rger  O"sterreich  scharfes_S  Schule  U"bel   (Collins phrase book)  Anton Berta Caesar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Konrad Ludwig Martin Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Victor Wilhelm Xanten Zeppelin  Eszett   (Vienna telephone directory)  Anton Berta Ca"sar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Konrad Ludwig Martha Norbert Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Viktor Wilhelm Xaver Ypsilon Zacharias  A"rger  Christine  O"sterreich  U"bel   (BBC language book)  Anton Berta Ca"sar Dora Emil Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Ida Julius Kaufmann Ludwig Martha Nordpol Otto Paula Quelle Richard Siegfried Theodor Ulrich Victor Wilhelm Xanthippe Ypsilon Zeppelin   Contributor: Anno Siegel <[email protected]>  Arno Borvaselin Coburg-Gotha Doria Ernst Friedrichsroda Gomorrha Herrenzimmer Ida Jawohl_Odol Kolberg_Ost Leonidas Motor Nora Oekonom Per_Motorrad Quohnsdorf_bei_Forst Revolver Sabine Tod Uniform Verbrennungstod Weltnordpol Xolabaphon York_Yellowstone Zoroaster  oe      Oekonomie ue      Ueberkonto  [This alphabet provides mnemonics for Morse code: a syllable  corresponds to a dash if it contains 'o', a dot otherwise.]  For another alphabet of this nature see    ***** DUTCH *****  [style: A van Anna]  Contributor: Erik Tjong Kim Sang <[email protected]>  anna bernhard cornelis dirk eduard ferdinand gerard hendrik izaak jan karel lodewijk marie nico otto pieter quotient rudolf simon teunis utrecht victor willem xantippe ij: ijmuiden ypsilon zaandam  [Berlitz phrase book: bernard quadraat]   (Collins phrase book)  Amsterdam Bravo Charlie Dirk Edam Freddie goed help Isaac Jaap kilo lasso moeder Nico Otto paard Quaker Rudolf suiker tafel uur vogel wind xylofoon Yankee zout   A Morse code mnemonic alphabet can be found at    ***** FLEMISH *****  Contributor: Erik Tjong Kim Sang <[email protected]>  arthur brussel carolina desire emiel frederik gustaaf hendrik isidoor jozef kilogram leopold maria napoleon oscar piano qualite robert sofie telefoon ursula victor waterloo xavier yvonne zola   ***** SPANISH *****  [style: A de Antonio]  (BBC business book, Collins and Berlitz phrase books)  Antonio Barcelona Carmen Chocolate Dolores Enrique Francia Gerona Historia Ine's Jose' Kilo Lorenzo Llobregat Madrid Navarra N~on~o Oviedo Pari's Querido Ramo'n Sa'bado Tarragona Ulises Valencia Washington Xiquena Yegua Zaragoza   Contributor: Paul Driessen <[email protected]>  (used in ministries in Madrid in the 1960s)  Alicante Bilbao Ca'diz Dinamarca Espan~a Francia Girona Huelva Italia Jae'n Kilo Lugo LLamar Madrid Navarra Oviedo Portugal Queso Roma EreDoble Sevilla Toledo U'nico Valencia UveDoble equis Yugoslavia Zaragoza   (business book)   "The telephonist's alphabet"  Antonio Barcelona Carmen Domingo Espan~a/Enrique Francia Gerona Historia Italia/i_latina Jose'/Jaen Kilo Le'rida Llave Madrid Navarra N~ando Oviedo Portugal/Pari's Queso Ramo'n/Roma Sevilla Tarragona/Toledo Ursula/Ubeda Valencia Washington Xilofo'n Yegua Zaragoza   (Berlitz phrase book)   [Latin American]  Amalia Beatriz Carmen Domingo Enrique Federico Guatemala Honduras Ida Jose' Kilo Lima Llave Me'xico Nicaragua N~on~o Olimpo Pablo Quito Rafael Santiago Teresa Uruguay Venezuela Washington Xilo'fono Yucata'n Zorro   ***** PORTUGUESE *****  [style: A de/como Aviero]  (Berlitz phrase book)  Aveiro Braga Coimbra Dafundo E'vora Faro Guarda Horta Ita'lia Jose' Kodak Lisboa Maria Nazare' Ovar Porto Queluz Rossio Setu'bal Tavira Unidade Vidago Waldemar Xavier York Zulmira  [Azores telephone directory 1966: Braganc,a Kilograma  Wilson]   (Collins phrase books)  Alexandre Banana/Bastos Carlos Daniel Eduardo Franc,a Gabriel Holanda Ita'lia Jose' Lisboa Maria Nicolau O'scar Paris Quarto Ricardo Susana Teresa Ulisses Venezuela Xangai Zebra   ***** ITALIAN *****  [style: A come Ancona]  Contributor: [email protected]     (Elizabeth Buie)              [email protected]  Ancona, Bologna, Como, Domodossola, Empoli, Firenze, Genova, Hacca, Imola, Jolly, Kappa, Livorno, Milano, Napoli, Otranto, Pisa/Palermo, Quartomiglio, Roma, Savona/Siena, Torino, Udine, Venezia, Wagner, Xilofono, York, Zara   Contributor: Rudolf Lais <[email protected]>  (Swiss telephone directory 1993)  Anna Battista Carlo Davide Ernesto Federico Giovanni acca Isidoro i_lungo cappa Luigi Maria Nicola Olga Pietro Quintino Rodolfo Susanna Teresa Umberto Vittorio vu_doppia ics ipsilon Zurigo  [also Geneva directory 1966]   (Cassel language book)  Ancona Bologna Cagliari Domodossola Empoli Firenze Genova Hotel Imola Jolly Kappa Londra Milano Napoli Otranto Palermo Quarto Roma Sondrio Torino Udine Vicenza Vdoppio X Yugoslavia Zagabria   (Cassel business book)  Ancona Bologna Como Domodossola Empoli Firenze Genova Hotel Imola I_lunga Kursaal Livorno Milano Napoli Otranto Padova Quarto Roma Savona Torino Udine Venezia Washington Ics York/yacht Zara   (BBC language book)  Ancona Bologna Como Domodossola Empoli Firenze Genova Hotel Imola Jersey Kilo Livorno Milano Napoli Otranto Palermo Quaderno Roma Savona Torino Udine Venezia Washington ics York Zurigo   Contributor: Salvatore Innaimi <[email protected]>  Ancona Bari Como Domodossola Empoli Firenze Genova Acca Imola Jolly Cappa Livorno Milano Napoli Otranto Palermo Quartomiglio Roma Siena Torino Udine Venezia Walter Ics York Zurigo   (Berlitz phrase book)  Ancona Bari Catania Domodossola Empoli Firenze Genova Hotel Imperia i_lunga kappa Livorno Milano Napoli Otranto Palermo cu Roma Sassari Torino Udine Venezia v_doppia ix i_greca zeta   (Collins phrase book)  Ancona Bari Catania Domodossola Empoli Firenze Genova Hotel Imperia Livorno Milano Napoli Otranto Palermo quarto Roma Savona Torino Udine Venezia   (Collins phrase book)  Ancona Bari Como Domodossola Empoli Firenze Genova Hotel Imola Livorno Milano Napoli Otranto Palermo Quarto Roma Savona Torino Udine Venezia Zara   (Pitman business book)  Ancona Bologna Como Domodossola Empoli Firenze/Forli` Genova (acca) Imola (i_lunga) (cappa) Livorno Milano Napoli Otranto Palermo (cu) Roma Savona Torino Udine Venezia Washington (ics) (ipsilon) Zara   ***** ROMANSH *****  [aka Rumansh]  Contributor: Rudolf Lais <[email protected]>  (Swiss telephone directory)  Anna Berta Carla Dora Emil Flurin Guido Hugo Ida Judit Kilo Luisa Maria Nesa Otto Paula Quirin Rita Silvia Toni Ursin Victor Willi Xaver Yvonne Zita   ***** DANISH *****  (Berlitz phrase book)  Anna Bernhard Cecilia David Erik Frederik Georg Hans Ida Johan Karen Ludvig Marie Nikolaj Odin Peter Quintus Rasmus Soeren Theodor Ulla Viggo William Xerxes Yrsa Zacharias ae: Aegir  o-slash: Oeresund  a-circle: Aase  [Copenhagen telephone directory: Cecilie Nikolai]   Contributor: "Per K. Nielsen" <[email protected]>  The Danish military use the following additions to the NATO alphabet:  Aegir  Oedis  Aase   ***** NORWEGIAN *****  Contributor: [email protected] (Terje Trane)  (telephone directory)  Anna Bernhard Caesar David Edith Fredrik Gustav Harald Ivar Johan Karin Ludvig Martin Nils Olivia Petter Quintus Rikard Sigrid Teodor Ulrik Enkel-V Dobbelt-V Xerxes Ynling Zakarias ae: Aerleg  o-slash: Oern  a-circle: Aase  [Berlitz phrase book: enkelt-V dobbelt-V Yngling Aerlig] [Oslo directory 1965: enkelt-v Yngling Aerlig Oesten]  [the forms Ynling and Aerleg are considered incorrect]   ***** SWEDISH *****  Contributors: [email protected] (Simon Tardell)               Jonas Wallgren <[email protected]>               [email protected] (Thomas Green)  [also used officially in Finland]  Adam, Bertil, Cesar, David, Erik, Filip, Gustav, Helge, Ivar, Johan, Kalle, Ludvig, Martin, Niklas, Olof, Petter, Quintus, Rudolf, Sigurd, Tore, Urban, Viktor, Wilhelm, Xerxes, Yngve, Z{ta, ]ke, [rlig, \sten  where { is a with dots       ]    A with ring       [    A with dots       \    O with dots  Sometimes used: Fredrik, Olle, Rikard  Stockholm police use Kryss (meaning cross) for X.   ***** FINNISH *****  Contributors: Jukka Rahkonen <[email protected]>               Kaita Seikku <[email protected]>  Aarne Bertta Celsius Daavid Eemeli Faarao Gideon Heikki Iivari Jussi Kalle Lauri Matti Niilo Otto Paavo Kuu Risto Sakari Tyyne Urho Vihtori Viski [ks{ Yrj| Tseta ]ke [iti \ljy  Uppercase   Lowercase        ]           }     a with circle (Swedish)        [           {     a with dots        \           |     o with dots   (Berlitz phrase book)  Anna Bertta Cecilia Daavid Erkki Faarao Gabriel Heikki Iivari Jaakko Kalle Lauri Mikko Niilo Otto Pekka Quintus Risto Sakari Tauno Urho Va"ino" kaksin/kertainen_v Xeres Yrjo" Zeppelin ruotsalainen_o a"iti o"ljy   Morse code:      .-.-      a-umlaut     .- -.-    a-circle     - - -.    o-umlaut   ***** CZECH *****  (phrase book)  Adam Boz~ena Cyril David 'Dumbier Emil Frantis~ek Gustav Helena Ivan Josef Karel Ludvi'k L'ubochn~a Marie Norbert Oto Petr Quido Rudolf R~ehor~ Svatopluk S~imon Toma's~ T'epla' Urban Va'clav dvojite'_ve' Xaver ypsilon Zuzana Z~ofie   ***** SLOVAK *****  Contributor: Martin Votruba <[email protected]>  (telephone directory)  Adam, Boz~ena, Cyril, C~adca, Da'vid, D~umbier, Emil, Frantis~ek, Gusta'v, Helena, CHrudim, Ivan, Karol, Ludvi'k, L~ubochn~a, Ma'ria, Norbert, N~ - Nitra, Oto, Peter, Quido, Rudolf, Sva"topluk, S~imon, Toma's~, T~ - Tepla', Urban, Va'clav, W - dvojite' ve', Xaver, Ypsilon, Zuzana, Z~ofia   ***** POLISH *****  Contributor: Michal Jankowski <[email protected]>  (Warsaw telephone directory)  Adam Barbara Celina Danuta Ewa Franciszek Genowefa Henryk Irena Jadwiga Karol Leon L/ukasz Maria Natalia Olga Pawel/ Roman Stanisl/aw Tadeusz Urszula Wl/adysl/aw Xantypa Ygrek Zygmunt   Contributor: Gyo:ngyo:si Jo'zsef <[email protected]>  (used by radio hams)  Adam, Bozena, Celina, Dawid, Ewa, Franek, Grazyna, Henryk, Irena, Janusz, Kilo, Ludwik, Maria, Natalia, Olga, Pawel/, Quido, Roman, Stefan, Tomasz, Urban, Violeta, Wanda, Xawer, Y-grek, Zygmunt   (Berlitz phrase book)  Adam Barbara Celina Dorota Ewa Franciszek Grazyna Henryk Iwona Jan Karol Leon L/ukasz Maria Natalia Olga Piotr Quiz Roman Stanisl/aw Tadeusz Urszula Violeta Wacl/aw Xymena Ypsylon Zenon   ***** HUNGARIAN *****  (telephone directory)  Andra's Be'la Cecil Do'ra Eleme'r Ferenc Gizella Hajnalka Istva'n Ja'nos Katalin Luca Ma'tya's Na'ndor Olga Piroska Queen Ro'bert Sarolta Ti'mea Ubul Vilmos Walter Xe'nia Ypsilon Zolta'n   Contributor: Gyo:ngyo:si Jo'zsef <[email protected]>  (used by radio hams)  Antal, Be'la, Cecil (Ce'za'r), De'nes, Eleme'r, Ferenc, Ge'za, Hele'n, Ibolya (Imre), Ja'nos, Ka'roly, La'szlo', Ma'ria, Nelli, Olga, Pe'ter, Kvelle, Ro'bert, Sa'ndor, Tama's, Ubul, Viktor (Vilmos), dupla-ve' (dupla-Vilmos, "viszki"), "x-es", "ipszilon" (jenki), Zolta'n   (Berlitz phrase book)  Alada'r A'gota Bala'zs Ceci'lia De'nes Erzse'bet E'va Ferenc Ga'bor Hele'n Ilona Jo'zsef Ka'roly La'szlo' Mo'nika Na'ndor Olga O:do:n Pe'ter Ku' Ro'bert Sa'ndor Tivadar Ubul U:ro:m Vilma duplave' iksz ipszilon Zora'n   ***** CROATIAN *****  Contributor: [email protected] (Ivan Drzanic)  Adria, Biokovo, Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Europa, Frankopan, Gospic, Hrvatska, Istra, Jadran, Karlovac, Lika, Mostar, Novska, Osijek, Pula, Q, Rijeka, Split, Trogir, Ucka, Vukovar, W, X, Y, Zagreb   ***** SERBO-CROAT *****  (phrase book)  Avala Beograd Cetinje C~ac~ak C'uprija Dubrovnik Djakovo Dz~amija Evropa Foc~a Gorica Hercegovina Istra Jadran Kosovo Lika Ljubljana Mostar Nis~ Njegos~ Osijek Pirot Rijeka Skopje S~ibenik Titograd Uros~evac Valjevo Zagreb Z~irovnica Kvadrat Duplo_V Ipsilon Iks   ***** ROMANIAN *****  (phrase book)  Ana Barbu Constantin Dumitru Elena Florea Gheorghe Haralambie Ion Jiu kilogram Laza~r Maria Nicolae Olga Petre qu Radu Sandoo Tudor T,ara~ Udrea Vasile dublu_V Xenia I_grec zaha~r  ***** MODERN GREEK *****  (AA phrase book)  Ale'xandros Vasi'lios Geo'rgios Deme'trios Ele'ne Zoe' Erakle's Theo'doros Ioa'nnes Konstanti'nos Leoni'das Mene'laos Niko'laos Xenofo'n Odusse'as Perikle's Ro'dos Sote'rios Timole'on Upsela'ntes Fo'tios Chre'stos Psa'ltes Ome'ga   ***** TURKISH *****  Contributor: Gorkem Cetin <[email protected]>  ankara bursa ceyhan CankIrI denizli edirne fatsa giresun hopa Isparta izmir jale kayseri lUleburgaz manisa nazilli ordu OdemiS pazar rize samsun SarkOy trabzon urfa Unye van yalova zonguldak   (Berlitz phrase book)  adana balIkesir ceyhan Corum diyarbakIr edirne fatsa giresun hatay Irmak istanbul jandarma kastamonu lUleburgaz manisa nazilli ordu OdemiS pazar quebek rize samsun trabzon urla Unye van dubel_v xavier yozgat zonguldak   Contributor: Fuat C. Baran <[email protected]>  (1982 diary)   "standard" for telephone  ankara bursa ceyhan Canakkale denizli edirne fatih giresun hakkAri Ilgaz izmir japonya kayseri lUleburgaz malatya nevSehir ordu OdemiS polatlI rize sivas Sile trabzon uSak Unye van yozgat zonguldak   (AA phrase book)  adana bursa cide Canakkale denizli edirne fethiye giresun hatay Isparta izmir lUleburgaz malatya nevSehir ordu Oren pamukkale rize sinop Sirvan tokat urfa UskUp van yozgat zonguldak   ***** HEBREW *****  (phrase book) (phonetics for Roman alphabet)  Affula Binyamina Carmel Dalia Eretz France Gedera Haifa Israel Jaffa Karkur Lod Moledet Naan Ogen Pardes Queen Rishon Sefer Tveria Urim Vered Wingate Express Yavniel Zikhron  [used by telephone operators in Israel]   Contributor: Alon Tal <[email protected]>  Aleph Boaz Gimel David Hagar Vav Ze'ev Hava Tiach Yona Carmel Lea Moshe Nesher Samekh A'in Pesel Tsipor Korakh Ruth Shamir Telem   ***** RUSSIAN *****  Contributor: [email protected] (Thomas Planke)  Aleksej Boris Vasilij Grigorij Dmitrij Elena Zhenja Zoya Ivan Ivan_Kratkij Kilowatt Leonid Maria Nikolai Olga Pavel Roman Sergej Tatjana Uljana Fjodor Hariton Zaplja Chelovek Shura Schuka Tviordiy_Znak Igrek Miagkiy_Znak Emilija Yuri Jakow   Contributor: "Oleg.A.Chernozyomov" <[email protected]>  (currently used in amateur radio)  Anna Boris Vasiliy Galina Dmitriy Yelena Yozh Zhuk Zinaida Ivan Ivan_Kratkiy Konstantin Leonid Maria Nikolay Olga Pavel Roman Sergey Tamara Ul'yana Fyodor Hariton Tsentr Chelovek Shura Shchyuka Tvyordy_Znak Yery Myagkiy_Znak Ekho Yuliana Yakov  Variants: Anton Grigoriy Yolka Zhenya Zoya Irina/Igor Yot Kilowatt Lyubov Mikhail Nadezhda/Nina Oleg Polina Radio Semyon Tatyana Tsaplya Znak/Iks Igrek Znak/Iks  Used informally: Borya Vasya Grisha Galya Dima Zina Kostya Kolya Lyonya Lyuba Misha Masha Nadya Pasha Roma Sasha Tanya Fedya Yulya Yasha  Morse code is as follows:  A  B  W  G  D  E  E  V  Z  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  R  S  T U  F  H  C  /- - -./- - - -/  Q  X  Y  X  /..-../..- -/.-.-  and the same mapping provides a system of phonetics for Roman letters (used in parallel with Alpha Bravo). [The mapping is similar to KOI-7 but not identical]   ***** SWAHILI *****  (phrase book)  Aali Bibi Cyprus Daniel Elfu Fiwi Gombe Henry Ida Jinja Kenya Leso Mtu Nairobi Olga Paul Quebec Robert Sana Tanga Unga Victor William Xavier Yatima Zanzibar   ***** KWANYAMA *****  [South-western Bantu; northern Namibia]  Contributor: [email protected] (Jouni F Maho)  (school book)  Anna Beata Cesilia David Eva Feni Gerson Hosea Immanuel Johanna Kayosho Lamek Maria Nande Otto Pauli Quini Rauha Simon Tuuli Ulania Vilho Wilkka Xokulu Yoleni Zola   ***** NDONGA *****  [South-western Bantu; northern Namibia]  Contributor: [email protected] (Jouni F Maho)  (school book)  Anna Beata Cesilia David Eva Feni Gerson Hosea Immanuel Johanna Kayoso Lamek Maria Nande Otto Pauli Quini Rauha Simon Tuuliki Ulania Vilho Wilika Xerxes Yoleni Zola   ***** AFRIKAANS *****  (Johannesburg telephone directory 1965)  Andries Boetie Christo Dawid Eva Fanie Gert Hendrik Isak Jan Karel Lena Marie Nellie Oom Pieter Queenie Roos Sannie Tom Unie Venter Willem X-straal Yster Zoeloe   ***** CHINESE *****  The Chinese armed forces use the following in connection with Romanised Mandarin:  Aiya Boli Ciqi Desheng Egu Fuzhuang Geming Heping I: Yifu J.. Keren Leguan Mofan Nali Ouyang Polang Q.. Riguang Sixiang Tebie U: Weida V: Wudao W: Wuzhuang X.. Yisheng Zidian   ***** ESPERANTO *****  Contributors: [email protected]               David Lane <[email protected]>  (Yearbook of Universala Esperanto-Asocio 1995)  Asfalto Barbaro Centimetro \^Cefo Doktoro Elemento Fabriko Gumo \^Girafo Hotelo \^Haoso Insekto Jubileo \^Jurnalo Kilogramo Legendo Ma\^sino Naturo Oktobro Papero Rekordo Salato \^Silingo Triumfo Universo Universo-hoko Vulkano Zinko  [An earlier version had Omnibuso instead of Oktobro]  Non-Esperanto letters:  q = kuo w = \^germana vo x = ikso y = ipsilono  Morse code (approved by UAE and FCC in 1963):  ^c  -.-..     ^g  - -.-.    ^h  -.- -. ^j  .- - -.   ^s  ...-.     ~u  ..- -  ***** END ***** --  Gwillim Law [email protected]